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Algorithms are step-by-step plans for solving problems. They can be designed using pseudo-code and flowcharts.

Sorting and searching are two of the most frequently needed algorithms in program design. These algorithms have evolved to take account of this need.

Programs are designed using common building blocks, known as programming constructs. These programming constructs form the basis for all programs.

Proficient programming requires knowledge of many techniques. These techniques allow for powerful, complex programs to be created.

Proficient programming requires knowledge of many techniques. These techniques allow for powerful, complex programs.

All data is represented as binary digits, whether it is numbers, text, images or sound. Calculations are also made in binary.