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An t-seachdain seo, tha mi a鈥� cur cr矛och air an t-sreath phr貌graman air na Ceiltich. Bheir mi s霉il bheag air 脠irinn. An d猫idh gun do st猫idhich na Normanaich iad fh猫in ann an Sasainn agus sa Chuimrigh, chaidh feadhainn dhiubh a dh鈥櫭坕rinn. Ghabh iad gr猫im air fearann. Am measg nan teaghlaichean bha feadhainn a tha a-nise gu math 脠ireannach 鈥� Burke, FitzGerald, Butler, Walsh ...

Cho tr脿th ris a鈥� cheathramh linn deug, bha dragh air na h-霉ghdarrasan Sasannach gun robh m貌ran, aig an robh sinnsireachd Normanach, gan gi霉lan fh猫in mar 脠ireannaich. Bha iad eadhon a鈥� tr猫igsinn na Beurla 始s na Fraingis agus a鈥� bruidhinn Gaeilge!

聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 Ann an tr矛 cheud deug, seasgad 始s a sia (1366), ghairm Di霉c Chlarence p脿rlamaid 脠ireannach ann an Cill Chainnigh. Bha e ag obair 脿s leth r矛gh Shasainn, Eideard III. Dh鈥檃ontaich a鈥� ph脿rlamaid Reachdan Cill Chainnigh. Fo na reachdan, bha p貌sadh eadar 脠ireannaich agus Sasannaich m矛-laghail. Cha robh cead aig Sasannaich ainm-baistidh 脠ireannach a chleachdadh. Bha aig na Sasannaich ri Beurla ionnsachadh. Agus cha robh e ceadaichte seanchaidhean G脿idhealach a leigeil a-steach gu sg矛rean Sasannach. Bha an t-eagal orra gun robh na seanchaidhean ri obair-brathaidh!

Cha do dh鈥檕braich na Reachdan. Dh鈥檉h脿s na 鈥楽eann Sasannaich鈥� na bu Gh脿idhealaiche. 始S ann ri linn nan Tudoran agus nan Sti霉bhartach a dh鈥櫭╥rich an sgaradh a ch矛 sinn an-diugh ann an 脠irinn.

Ann an sia ceud deug 始s a seachd (1607), thachair Imeachd nan Iarlan. Theich an dithis thighearnan G脿idhealach a bu chumhachdaiche 鈥� Iarlan Th矛r E貌ghainn agus Th矛r Chonaill. Bha iad an d貌chas tilleadh a dh鈥櫭坕rinn le taic nan Sp脿innteach. Ach cha do thill.

Bha Imeachd nan Iarlan na buille chruaidh do Gh脿idheil na h-Alba cuideachd. Cha robh an c脿irdeas eadar G脿idheil an d脿 dh霉thaich a-chaoidh tuilleadh mar a bha e roimhe.

This week, I鈥檓 finishing the series of programmes about the Celts. I鈥檒l have a wee look at Ireland. After the Normans established themselves in England and Wales, some of them went to Ireland. They grabbed land. Among the families were some that are now very Irish 鈥� Burke, Fitzgerald, Butler, Walsh ...

聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 As early as the fourteenth century, the English authorities were concerned that many people of Norman ancestry were behaving like Irish. They were even abandoning the English and French languages and speaking Irish!

聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 In 1366, the Duke of Clarence called an Irish parliament in Kilkenny. He was working on behalf of the English king, Edward III. The parliament agreed the Statutes of Kilkenny. Under the statutes, marriage between Irish and English people was illegal. The English were not permitted to use an Irish given-name. The English had to learn the聽 English language. And it was not permitted to allow Gaelic storytellers into English areas. They feared that the storytellers were spying!

聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 The Statutes didn鈥檛 work. The 鈥極ld English鈥� grew more Gaelic. It鈥檚 in the time of the Tudors and Stuarts that the division we see today arose in Ireland.

聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 In 1607, the Flight of the Earls took place. The two most powerful Gaelic lords 鈥� the Earls of Tyrone and Tyrconnell 鈥� fled. They were hoping to return to Ireland with the assistance of the Spanish. But they didn鈥檛 return.

聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 The Flight of the Earls was a terrible blow to the Gaels of Scotland as well. The relationship between the Gaels of the two countries was never again as it had been before.