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A bheil sibh e貌lach air an fhacal 鈥� banachdach 鈥� vaccination? Mar as trice, bidh sinn ag r脿dh 鈥榓鈥� bhanachdach鈥�. Fhuair gu le貌r againn a鈥� bhanachdach an aghaidh Covid-19.聽

Tha mi cinnteach gun cuala sibh mun lighiche Shasannach, Eideard Jenner. Leasaich esan a鈥� bhanachdach an aghaidh na brice. Tha mi a鈥� ciallachadh an aghaidh a鈥� ghalair ris an canar 鈥榓鈥� bhreac鈥� 鈥� no smallpox. Bha an galar sin cumanta agus marbhtach.

Bha Jenner mothachail gun robh galar eile nach robh marbhtach 鈥� breac a鈥� chruidh 鈥� a鈥� toirt d矛on do dhaoine an aghaidh na brice fh猫in. Bhiodh banaraich gu tric a鈥� faighinn breac a鈥� chruidh. Ach cha robh iad a鈥� fulang leis a鈥� bhric.

聽Ann an seachd ceud deug, naochad 始s a sia (1796), thug Jenner stuth bho bh貌c air t猫 air an robh breac a鈥� chruidh. Chuir e sin ann an lot a rinn e air gille 貌g.聽

D脿 mh矛os an d猫idh sin, rinn Jenner an aon rud air a鈥� ghille. An turas seo, chleachd e stuth bho bh貌c air neach a bha a鈥� fulang leis a鈥� bhric. Cha do ghabh an gille a鈥� bhreac. Bha a鈥� bhanachdach soirbheachail.

Carson a tha mi a鈥� beachdachadh air a鈥� bhanachdaich? Uill, bha mi a鈥� leughadh mun t-sluagh ann an eilean beag Albannach. Fhuair iad se貌rsa de bhanachdach an aghaidh na brice c貌rr is fichead bliadhna mus do rinn Eideard Jenner an deuchainn aige.

Tha an cunntas a鈥� tighinn bho thuras air a鈥� Gh脿idhealtachd ann an seachd ceud deug, seachdad 始s a tr矛 (1773). B鈥� e an t-eilean 鈥� Eilean nam Muc. Sgr矛obh an t-霉ghdar gun do chuir an t-uachdaran a鈥� bhanachdach air ochdad duine. Chosg e d脿 thastan agus sia sgillinn an duine. Cosgais mh貌r a bha ann, chanainn.

Tha an cunntas a鈥� tighinn bhon Oll. Somhairle MacIain, no Samuel Johnson, am faclairiche Sasannach. Chaidh e air chuairt air a鈥� Gh脿idhealtachd cuide ri Seumas Boswell. Cha do chleachd e am facal vaccination 鈥� a th脿inig bhon obair aig Jenner. Sgr矛obh e inoculation. Bha e st猫idhichte air stuth bho chuideigin air an robh a鈥� bhreac, seach breac a鈥� chruidh. Innsidh mi tuilleadh bhon leabhar aig MacIain anns an ath Litir.

Are you familiar with the word 鈥� banachdach 鈥� 鈥榲accination鈥�. Usually, we say 鈥�a鈥� bhanachdach鈥�. Plenty of us received a vaccination against Covid-19.

I鈥檓 certain you鈥檝e heard of the English physician, Edward Jenner. He developed the vaccine against smallpox. I mean against the disease called 鈥榯he pox鈥� 鈥� or smallpox. That disease was common and caused death.

Jenner observed that another disease that was not deadly 鈥� cowpox 鈥� defended people against smallpox itself. Milkmaids would often contract cowpox. But they wouldn鈥檛 suffer from smallpox.

In 1796, Jenner took material from a pustule on a woman who had cowpox. He put that in an incision he made on a young boy.

Two months later, Jenner did the same thing to the boy. This time, he used material from a pustule on a person who was suffering from smallpox. The boy didn鈥檛 contract smallpox. The vaccine was successful.

Why am I thinking about vaccinations? Well, I was reading about the population on a small Scottish island. They received a sort of vaccination against smallpox more than twenty years before Edward Jenner conducted his experiment.

The account comes from a journey in the Highlands in 1773. The island was The Isle of Muck. The author wrote that the laird inoculated eighty people. It cost two shillings and sixpence a head. A significant cost at the time, I would say.

The account comes from Dr Samuel Johnson, the English lexicographer. He went on a journey in the Highlands with James Boswell. He didn鈥檛 use the word 鈥榲accination鈥� 鈥� which came from Jenner鈥檚 work. He wrote 鈥榠noculation鈥�. It was based on material from somebody infected with smallpox rather than cowpox. I鈥檒l tell you more about Johnson鈥檚聽 book in the next Litir.