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Hal貌 a-rithist. Agus f脿ilte chr矛dheil oirbh don chiad Litir dhen bhliadhna 2005. Tha fichead bliadhna air a dhol seachad am-bliadhna bho sheas a鈥� chiad duine air a h-uile mullach as 脿irde anns gach m貌r-th矛r air an t-saoghal. B鈥� esan Dick Bass, fear Ameireaganach a tha be貌 fhathast, agus r脿inig e mullach na t猫 mu dheireadh 鈥� Beinn Everest 鈥� anns a鈥� bhliadhna ochdad 鈥檚 a c貌ig.

Am measg nan seachd mullaichean sin, tha t猫 dhiubh air a bheil ainm G脿idhealach. C貌 an t猫? Uill, t貌isicheamaid anns an Roinn-E貌rpa 鈥� le Elbrus no Mont Blanc, a r猫ir mar a thathar a鈥� comharrachadh cr矛ochan na Roinn-E貌rpa. Kilimanjaro ann an Afraga. Beinn Vinson anns an Antartaig. Carstenz ann am Papua an Iar no Beinn Khosciusko ann an Astr脿ilia, a r猫ir do bheachd air cr矛ochan Astr脿ilia no Astral脿isia.

D猫 th鈥� air fh脿gail? Aconcagua ann an Ameireagaidh a Deas, Chomolungma no Beinn Everest ann an 脌isia agus 鈥� aha 鈥� an t猫 mu dheireadh 鈥� an t猫 as 脿irde ann an Ameireagaidh a Tuath. Tha i ann an Alasga. Beinn MhicFhionnlaidh a chanamaid rithe ann an G脿idhlig, ach bidh daoine nas e貌laiche oirre mar Mt. McKinley.

Chaidh a h-ainmeachadh le fear Uilleam Dickey a bha a鈥� rannsachadh creagan Alasga airson stuthan pr矛seil. Chuir esan ainm fear de bhuill an t-Seanaidh air a鈥� bheinn 鈥� Uilleam MacFhionnlaidh. An d猫idh sin, dh鈥櫭╥rich MacFhionnlaidh gu bhith na Cheann-suidhe do na St脿itean Aonaichte. B鈥� esan fear de na cinn-suidhe a chaidh a mhurt fhad 鈥檚 a bha e fhathast na dhreuchd. Thachair sin ann am Buffalo ann an st脿it New York ann an naoi ceud deug 鈥檚 a h-aon (1901).

Ged a tha an t-ainm sin fhathast air a鈥� bheinn, tha an t-ainm d霉thchasach a鈥� nochdadh nas trice an l脿 an-diugh 鈥� Denali 鈥� a鈥� ciallachadh 鈥渁m fear m貌r鈥� ann an c脿nan nan Ameireaganach d霉thchasach a bhuineas don sg矛re, agus c貌 chanadh nach eil sin iomchaidh? Tha Beinn MhicFhionnlaidh ann am meadhan P脿irc N脿iseanta Denali.

Ach bu mhath leam Alasga fh脿gail is tilleadh gu Astr脿ilia. Aig d脿 mh矛le, d脿 cheud is trithead (2,230) meatair os cionn na mara 鈥� sin beagan is seachd m矛le troigh 鈥� chan eil Beinn Khosciusko uabhasach 脿rd 鈥� agus tha i furasta a streap. Agus tha cuid ann an Astr脿ilia dhen bheachd nach i a鈥� bheinn as 脿irde san r矛oghachd aca co-dhi霉. Oir tha eilean anns a鈥� Chuan a Deas, faisg air an Antartaig, air a bheil beinn a ruigeas d脿 mh矛le, seachd ceud, ceathrad 鈥檚 a c貌ig (2,745) meatair os cionn na mara 鈥� c貌ig ceud meatair nas 脿irde na Kosciusko.

Tha sin air Eilean Heard agus 鈥檚 ann le Astr脿ilia a tha an t-eilean. Airson greis bhathar a鈥� smaoineachadh gur e maraiche Breatannach (tha d霉il a鈥檓 gu robh e Albannach) a lorg an t-eilean anns an Fhaoilleach ochd ceud deug, leth-cheud 鈥檚 a ceithir (1854). B鈥� esan an Caiptean Uilleam D貌mhnallach, a bh鈥� air b貌rd an t-soithich, an Samarang.

Chunnaic e an t-eilean, agus eileanan eile faisg air l脿imh, agus chaidh an ainmeachadh gu l猫ir mar 鈥淓ileanan an D貌mhnallaich鈥� no the 鈥淢cDonald Islands鈥�. Ach th脿inig e am b脿rr gu robh fear Ameireaganach, an Caiptean Iain Heard, ann as t-Samhain ochd ceud deug, leth-cheud 鈥檚 a tr矛 (1853). Agus, leis gu robh esan ann an toiseach, 鈥檚 e Eilean Heard a chanar ris an eilean sin an-diugh.

Ach 鈥檚 e an t-ainm a th鈥� air a鈥� bheinn air Eilean Heard 鈥� Big Ben. Tha fhios gur e sin A鈥� Bheinn Mh貌r ann an G脿idhlig. Tha na h-eileanan sin fada bho Alasga is Alba, ach tha rudeigin ann a cheanglas na tr矛 脿iteachan sin ri ch猫ile 鈥� dualchas nan ainmean G脿idhealach a th鈥� air a鈥� mhap an l脿 an-diugh.

Faclan na seachdaine: Alasga: Alaska; Astral脿isia: Australasia; Uilleam MacFhionnlaidh: William McKinley; d霉thchasach: indigenous; an Cuan a Deas: the Southern Ocean.

Abairtean na seachdaine: anns gach m貌r-th矛r: in every continent; r脿inig e mullach na t猫 mu dheireadh: he reached the summit of the final one [fem]; a r猫ir mar a thathar a鈥� comharrachadh cr矛ochan na Roinn-E貌rpa: depending on how the borders of Europe are distinguished; d猫 th鈥� air fh脿gail?: what is left?; ann an Ameireagaidh a Tuath: in North America; chaidh a h-ainmeachadh: it [fem] was named; ainm fear de bhuill an t-Seanaidh: the name of a member of the Senate; b鈥� esan fear de na cinn-suidhe: he was one of the presidents; a chaidh a mhurt fhad 鈥檚 a bha e fhathast na dhreuchd: who was murdered while he was still in office; c貌 chanadh nach eil sin iomchaidh?: who would say that is not appropriate?; nach i a鈥� bheinn as 脿irde san r矛oghachd aca co-dhi霉: that she is not the highest mountain in the country anyway; 鈥檚 ann le Astr脿ilia a tha an t-eilean: the island belongs to Australia; bhathar a鈥� smaoineachadh gur e maraiche Breatannach a lorg e: it was thought that it was a British seaman who found it; b鈥� esan an Caiptean Uilleam D貌mhnallach, a bh鈥� air b貌rd an t-soithich, an Samarang: he was Captain William McDonald who was on board the vessel, the Samarang; as t-Samhain: in November; leis gu robh esan ann an toiseach: because he was there first; tha rudeigin ann a cheanglas na tr矛 脿iteachan sin ri ch猫ile: there is something that links the three places to each other.

Puing-ch脿nain na seachdaine: T貌isicheamaid anns an Roinn-E貌rpa: let us start in Europe. Did you immediately understand this, and know the difference between t貌isicheamaid (unlenited) and th貌isicheamaid (lenited). The first form is the first person plural of the imperative. Other examples are coisicheamaid (let us walk), suidheamaid (let us sit). The second, with lenition, is the first person plural of the conditional/past habitual eg th貌isicheamaid means 鈥渨e would start, used to start鈥�. Choisicheamaid means 鈥渨e would walk/used to walk鈥� and shuidheamaid means 鈥渨e would sit/used to sit鈥�. Where the verb starts with a non-lenitable consonant (at least in its written form), it might be either 鈥� leughamaid can mean 鈥渓et us read鈥� or 鈥渨e would/used to read鈥�. In the Litir, we have Beinn MhicFhionnlaidh a chanamaid rithe ann an G脿idhlig 鈥� 鈥渨e would call her Beinn MhicFhionnlaidh in Gaelic鈥�.

Gn脿ths-cainnt na seachdaine: bidh daoine nas e貌laiche oirre mar Mt. McKinley: people will know her better as Mt. McKinley. Tha mi e貌lach air X: I know X.