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At the end of the First Gulf War in 1991, after Iraqi troops had been driven out of Kuwait, thousands of Iraqis rose up against Saddam Hussein. Some of the rebels were returning conscripts, some were Kurds, but many were Shias who had suffered oppression at the hands of Saddam's Baathist regime.

(Photo: Iraqi Shia women in ruined Karbala, breast-feeding their children. Their homes were destroyed during clashes between the Iraqi forces and Shia rebels. Credit: Rabih Moghrabi/AFP/Getty Images)