Strengthening mechanical components
Forces act on materials all the time - even if a material appears stationary it still has a force acting on it. There are five terms used to describe what type of force can act on a material:
- tensionPulling force exerted by each end of an object such as a string or rope. - a pulling force
- compressionBeing squashed. - a pushing force
- bendingA bending force is applied at an angle causing a material to be in compression and tension at the same time. - forces at an angle to the material
- torsionA twisting force. - a twisting force
- shearA force across a material, eg scissors cut by applying a shear force. - forces acting across the material
Electronic and mechanical products are often developed to be lighter and smaller. The strength of the product can be improved by adding extra materials to improve its shape and reinforceTo strengthen a material that could weaken when a force is applied. thinner areas to help stop compression and bending forces damaging the item.
Products like laptops and mobile phones need to be able to withstand heavy use. New materials are continually being developed to try to combat the problems of torsion, for example to protect the case, screen or internal parts of mobile phones when in a pocket.
Mixing materials together to create a compositeBuilt from more than one thing. can make a stronger material than when used alone, eg carbon fibre and fibreglass are composites that are used to make strong housingAn exterior case or enclosure. for electronic and mechanical systemA number of parts working together to fulfil a complete function.. These fibres are layered together with a polymer resin - the fibres can be a variety of thicknesses and protect against compression, torsion, bending and tension. Casings for electronic products can also be strengthened by adding ribs of thicker material around the case to make the plastic shells stronger while cutting down on materials used - therefore, costing less.