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From the historic Royal Institution, space doctor Kevin Fong takes us on a ride from launch to orbit and the cosmos beyond for the annual children's Christmas Lectures.

Suitable for: KS3 and GCSE in England and Wales, and Northern Ireland and National 4/5 in Scotland.

What is Newton's Cannon and Third Law? video

Dr Kevin Fong demonstrates projectile motion, orbit and Newton鈥檚 Third Law.

What is Newton's Cannon and Third Law?

Using Earth鈥檚 rotation to launch a rocket. video

Dr Kevin Fong demonstrates how a space rocket鈥檚 launch direction affects its success in reaching orbit.

Using Earth鈥檚 rotation to launch a rocket

How the vacuum of space affects the human body. video

Dr Kevin Fong does a demonstration to show the lethal effects of a vacuum on the human body.

How the vacuum of space affects the human body

Resonant Frequency. video

Dr Kevin Fong explains how sound vibrations could pose a real threat astronauts and rockets in space.

Resonant Frequency

Orbital Rendezvous. video

Dr Kevin Fong demonstrates how and why it's so hard for a spacecraft to catch up with the International Space Station.

Orbital Rendezvous

What does gas weigh? video

A demonstration that carbon dioxide can be poured because it is denser than air.

What does gas weigh?

Why are bones weaker in orbit? video

Kevin Fong explains how micro-gravity can weaken bones. Models are used to show that bones are strong but light, and how low gravity weakens them.

Why are bones weaker in orbit?

How micro-gravity disorientates us. video

A demonstration of how dizziness occurs during motion sickness or micro-gravity.

How micro-gravity disorientates us

The danger of orbital debris. video

Dr Kevin Fong and NASA astronaut Dan Tani explain the danger of space debris.

The danger of orbital debris

Demonstrating heat shield material. video

Dr Kevin Fong explains that space capsules heat up due to pressure not friction. He demonstrates a heat shield鈥檚 low thermal conductivity.

Demonstrating heat shield material

Why Earth rock is found on the Moon. video

Dr Kevin Fong demonstrates how debris from meteorites hitting Earth threw Earth rock as far as the Moon, leaving clues there about Earth鈥檚 geological history.

Why Earth rock is found on the Moon

Demonstrating radiation detectors. video

Dr Kevin Fong shows how a Geiger-Muller tube can detect ionising radiation but not the type of radiation, and how detectors on the International Space Station can.

Demonstrating radiation detectors

How Earth protects us from radiation. video

Dr Kevin Fong discusses the dangers to astronauts of solar radiation, and how we鈥檙e protected from it by Earth鈥檚 atmosphere and magnetic field.

How Earth protects us from radiation

Why tardigrades can survive in orbit. video

Dr Kevin Fong explains why tardigrades are so resilient when exposed to ionising radiation lethal to most other organisms.

Why tardigrades can survive in orbit

How to recycle urine in space. video

Dr Kevin Fong demonstrates a urine recycling system that works using osmosis, concluding by drinking the liquid that is produced.

How to recycle urine in space