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Music in the Classical period changed in a number of significant ways from music in the Baroque period. One of the key differences is that the music is full of beautiful melodies with balanced phrases and clear accompaniment textures.

Below is a timeline of the Western Europe musical periods which includes the point in time that Haydn was actively composing.

Early symphonies had a standard three-movement form: fast-slow-fast. Haydn and Mozart developed this structure and developed it into a four-movement form by adding another middle movement. As the structure of the symphony expanded, so did the size of the orchestra.

The Classical orchestra

Haydn composes for a Classical orchestra comprising:

• two flutes
• two oboes
• two clarinets
• two bassoons
• two French horns
• two trumpets
• timpani
• strings

Clarinets in A and horns in G are transposing instruments. This means that the pitch written in the score is different from the pitch that is heard. All other instruments play at concert pitch. The timpani has only two notes - the tonic (G) and the dominant (D).

The structure of the Classical symphony

Each of the movements have contrasting structures, themes, key signatures, time signatures and tempi to one another. Although some symphonies may differ slightly, they tend to follow the same form as Symphony No.101:

• Movement 1: opens with a slow introduction in D minor marked adagio. It is in triple time. After ending on the dominant, it leads into a D major presto in 6/8.
• Movement 2: is in G major. It is in 2/4 and marked andante.
• Movement 3: is in D major. It is in traditional minuet and trio form.
• Movement 4: is in D major. The finale is marked vivace.